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Fig. 2 | Immunity & Ageing

Fig. 2

From: Sex differences in inflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala across the lifespan in rats: associations with cognitive bias

Fig. 2

Mean (± SEM) IFN-γ (A), IL-1β (B), IL-4 (C), IL-5 (D), IL-6 (E), CXCL1 (F), IL-10 (G), IL-13 (H), TNF-α (I) levels in the basolateral amygdala after cognitive bias testing, normalized by total protein concentrations. Young adult females had higher IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 levels compared young adult males and all other groups. Middle-aged females had higher levels of IL-5 and IL-13 compared to middle-aged males and all other groups, and middle-aged males had higher CXCL1 levels compared middle-aged females and to all other groups. Middle-aged adults had higher TNF-α levels compared to adolescents and young adults. * indicates p < 0.05: compared to all other groups. @ indicates p = 0.00001: main effect of age. n = 7–11. SEM = standard error of the mean

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Immunity & Ageing

ISSN: 1742-4933

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