Synergistic interplay between radiation and microgravity in spaceflight-related immunological health risks

Immunity & Ageing

Table 1 Comparing spaceflight-analog studies to cytokine perturbations in astronauts

Cytokine	Short-Duration	Long-Duration	Rodents	Cells
GM-CSF		No change [8] Decrease [9]		Increase [10]
IL-1b	Increase [11, 12]	No change [8] Increase [12]	Increase from sim-µG + SPE but not sim-µG + GCR [12]	Increase [10]
IL-7		Increase [9]		Increase [10]
IL-12	Increase [11]	Decrease [9]		Increase [10]
IFNα	Increase [11]		Increase [13]
TNFα	Increase [11]	Increase [8]	Increase [13]

Observations of immune endpoints from astronauts in short-duration and long-duration spaceflight missions were compiled. Rodent and cell culture spaceflight-analog studies that (1) investigated the effects of both microgravity and radiation and (2) assayed the same immune endpoints were compared. A significant number of immune endpoints that were not assayed in both astronauts and a spaceflight-analog study are not included in this table for ease of comparison. These included: CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL5, FGF basic, G-CSF, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, thrombopoietin, and VEGF

ISSN: 1742-4933