Fig. 3

Immune cell profiles before and after the third dose of vaccination (A) UMAP visualization of total immune cells, (B) UMAP visualization of immune cells sampled before and after the third dose of vaccination, highlighting the differences in immune cell populations. (C) statistical comparison of each cell type between the two sampling points, including proportions, and significant changes. Abbreviations UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; mDC, myeloid dendritic cell; CD, clusters of differentiation; NK, natural killer; TFH, follicular helper T; CM, central memory; EM, effector memory; TEMRA, terminally differentiated effector memory T cell re-expressing CD45RA